senstvt

  T U L I S A N    J A D U L |  Pusaran: Kawan atau Lawan? (2005) |  Gdansk, kota kuno yang baru (2005) back to contents

  Gdansk, kota kuno yang baru "Hati-hati, jangan sampai dirampok", begitulah boss saya menasehati ketika saya akan berangkat ke Gdansk (Danzig) di Polandia untuk suatu pertemuan dinas. Terbayanglah di benak saya, jalan yang tidak rata dan sempit, gedung yang kusam, dan orang-orang gypsi berkeliaran dimana-mana.   Ekonomi yang terangkat Dari Amsterdam saya naik pesawat SAS (Scandinavian Airlines System), transit di Copenhagen. Seperti biasa, kalau ada pertemuan di suatu negara, selagi transit pasti bertemu dengan peserta dari negara-negara lain. Begitu juga di Copenhagen,  saya dari Belanda berpapasan dengan peserta dari Spanyol, Jerman, Finlandia, Norwegia, Swedia dan tentu saja Denmark. Mendarat di Bandara Lech Walesa Gdansk memberikan kesan seperti tiba di Bandara Husein Sastranegara Bandung. Tidak kelihatan banyak pesawat. Hanya ada satu runway . Conveyor untuk koper juga hanya ada satu. Pemeriksaan paspor berlangsung agak lama. Pertanyaannya sama dengan waktu men

Pusaran: Kawan atau Lawan? ( Artikel ini juga dimuat di Majalah Angkasa pada tahun 2005 ) Saat seorang pilot harus bertempur di udara ( dogfight ), kelincahan pesawat tempur menjadi faktor penentu hidup atau matinya. Untuk mendapatkan keunggulan terhadap lawannya, ia harus melakukan berbagai manuver. Ia harus bisa dengan cepat dan leluasa melakukan gerakan putar, seperti mengangkat hidung pesawat ( pitching ), memutar ke samping ( yawing ), dan melakukan gerakan berguling ( rolling ) untuk mengincar musuh atau menghindari ancaman. Sering kali manuver harus dilakukan pada sudut serang yang tinggi ( high angle-of-attack ), yaitu pada posisi pesawat yang menengadah dengan hidung pesawat berada tinggi di atas pilot.    Pilot adalah aset yang sangat berharga. Kehilangan pilot beserta pesawatnya akan membawa konsekuensi finansial yang besar terhadap anggaran angkatan udara, serta mengakibatkan kemampuan tempur skuadron menjadi pincang. Dan tentu saja, tewasnya seorang pilot adalah musibah un

  |  The Javanese Homegarden (1992) |  The Javanese home garden as an integrated agro-ecosystem (1985) |  T he Talun-Kebun: A man-made forest fitted to family needs. |  Speech delivered on the Otto Soemarwoto Award ceremony (2017) |  Javanese Pekarangan Homegarden System (UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage) back to contents

The Javanese home garden as an integrated agro-ecosystem Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Volume 7, Number 3, September 1985 Otto Soemarwoto, Idjah Soemarwato, Karyono, E. M. Soekartadiredja, and A. Ramlan ,  Institute of Ecology, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia INTRODUCTION In the countryside of Java, the existence of a village is indicated by a clump of dense vegetation amidst rice fields. The houses are almost completely concealed by this vegetation; from the air the villages look like dark-green islands in a sea of light-green or yellow rice fields. A closer look at the village reveals that the dense vegetation consists of plants in gardens surrounding the houses. This is particularly true of Central Java. In West Java the houses, surrounded by gardens, are often clustered together with hardly any open space in between. The village may also be fenced in by a hedge of bamboo or other plants. TERMINOLOGY The most widely used Indonesian term for home gardens is pekarangan. Befo

Javanese home garden or pekarangan system. Source: Adapted from Mohri et al. 2013. The Talun-Kebun: A man-made forest fitted to family needs Otto Soemarwato, Linda Christanty, Henky, Y. H. Herri, Johan Iskandar, Hadyana, and Prlyono , Institute of Ecology, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia INTRODUCTION Shifting cultivation has rightfully been called the "Cinderella of agriculture," existing at the margins of mainstream agricultural production, and receiving no official recognition and assistance [8]. Yet an estimated 250 to 500 million of the world's population living in tropical forest regions depend on this method of extracting a livelihood from a fragile ecosystem. In contrast to field-agriculture-oriented scientists, ethnographers and ecologists have long pointed to the relative virtues and adaptability of shifting cultivation, its prehistoric existence in the Northern Hemisphere, and the ecological dangers associated with introducing maladapted agricultural

  The Javanese Homegarden   Journal for Farming Systems Research-Extension  2 (3): 95-118. Otto Soemarwoto and G.R. Conway Professor, Institute of Ecology, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia Professor, Centre for Environmental Technology, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London. ABSTRACT On of the oldest forms of agroecosystems, the homegarden is present throughout the world. It is most highly developed on the island of Java, in Indonesia, where it typically has a very high diversity of useful plants and animals per unit area. This diversity and the intensive household care that is given to the homegarden result in a unique combination of high levels of productivity, stability, sustainability, and equitability. Compared with rice fields on Java, the homegarden has a greater diversity of production and frequently produces a higher net income. The harvest is more stable over time, the system is buffered against pests and diseases, and the effects of erosion are less se